
Ten Years Without Productivity
Productivity per employee is 3% lower than in 2015, while in the eurozone it is 2.4% higher. That is why any wage increase ends up in prices.

Productivity per employee is 3% lower than in 2015, while in the eurozone it is 2.4% higher. That is why any wage increase ends up in prices.

The rent index stayed at 0.0% for 28 consecutive months and then jumped to 11.4% — three times the general inflation rate, and well above the eurozone.

In 2022, profits contributed 3.9 out of the 6.3 percentage points of inflation and wages 0.3. From 2024 this reverses — and the average real wage remains below 2019.

The shock of 2022 came from goods and has now passed. However, core inflation has not fallen below 3% for two years, and services are outpacing goods.

Inflation fell from 12.1% to 3.4%. However, the price level has been rising since 2021 at an annual rate of 4.3%, compared with 2.3% during the euro era — a doubling in sixteen years rather than thirty.